It's not random — the colors reduce eye fatigue from staring at blood and red tissue.
Surgeons spend hours focusing on bright red blood and human organs. If they look away at white walls or equipment, their eyes struggle to adjust because of the intense contrast. Green and blue are on the opposite side of the color wheel from red. These colors help the surgeon’s eyes refresh their focus after staring at red tissue.
Prolonged exposure to red triggers afterimages in the brain. This is a visual ghosting effect where a shape remains in your vision even after you look away. Wearing green scrubs neutralizes these afterimages, allowing the surgeon to see clearly when they glance at their instruments or their team. It keeps their vision sharp during long procedures.
Early surgical teams wore white, which was the color of hygiene. However, white is highly reflective and causes glare under intense operating room lights. The shift to green and blue began in the early 20th century to mitigate this brightness. It made the environment more comfortable and functionally safer for the entire staff.
Surgery requires extreme precision and concentration for long periods. Reducing eye strain helps surgeons maintain their focus on the patient without unnecessary physical distractions. By stabilizing their visual field, blue and green scrubs support the overall accuracy of the medical team. This color choice is a simple but essential tool for patient safety.